Iyini Isomisi Sokuqandisa?

Isomisi esiqandisayo sisusa amanzi ezintweni ezibolayo ukuze awalondoloze, anwebe isikhathi sawo seshelufu kanye/noma awenze alungele ukuthutha.Izikomisi eziqandisiwe zisebenza ngokufriza okokusebenza, bese wehlisa ukucindezela nokwengeza ukushisa ukuze uvumele amanzi aqandisiwe kumpahla ukuthi ashintshe ngokuqondile abe umhwamuko (i-sublimate).

I-freeze dryer isebenza ngezigaba ezintathu:
1. Ukubanda
2. Ukomisa Okuyisisekelo (I-Sublimation)
3. Ukomisa okwesibili (Adsorption)

Ukomiswa ngendlela efanele kweqhwa kunganciphisa izikhathi zokomisa ngo-30%.

Isigaba 1: Isigaba sokuqanda

Lesi yisigaba esibucayi kakhulu.Izikomisi eziqandisayo zisebenzisa izindlela ezehlukene zokuqandisa umkhiqizo.

• Ukuqandisa kungenziwa efrijini, kubhavu obandayo (amagobolondo efrijini), noma eshalofini emshinini wokomisa iqhwa.

· Isomisi esiqandisayo sipholisa impahla ngaphansi kwephuzu laso kathathu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuncibilika, kunokuncibilika, kuzokwenzeka.Lokhu kugcina isimo somzimba sempahla.

· Umshini wokomisa iqhwa owuqhwa kalula womisa amakristalu amakhulu eqhwa, angakhiqizwa ngokuqhwaza okunensayo noma ukuhoxiswa.Kodwa-ke, ngezinto zebhayoloji, lapho amakristalu emakhulu kakhulu angase aphule izindonga zamaseli, futhi lokho kuholela emiphumeleni yokomisa yokufriza engaphansi kokufanelekile.Ukuvimbela lokhu, ukuqandisa kwenziwa ngokushesha.

· Mayelana nezinto ezivame ukushona phansi, i-annealing ingasetshenziswa.Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukuqanda okusheshayo, bese ukhuphula izinga lokushisa lomkhiqizo ukuvumela amakristalu ukuba akhule.

Isigaba sesi-2: Ukomisa Okuyisisekelo (Ukunciphisa)
· Isigaba sesibili esomisa okuyisisekelo (i-sublimation), lapho ingcindezi yehliswa khona futhi ukushisa kwengezwe kundaba ukuze amanzi ancibilike.

· Ivacuum yomshini wokomisa iqhwa isheshisa ukuncishiswa kwe-sublimation.I-condenser ebandayo yokomisa okomisa ihlinzeka indawo engaphezulu ukuze umhwamuko unamathele futhi uqine.I-condenser iphinde ivikele iphampu yevacuum emhwamukeni wamanzi.

· Cishe u-95% wamanzi atholakala kulesi sigaba.

· Ukomisa okuyisisekelo kungaba inqubo enensa.Ukushisa okuningi kungashintsha ukwakheka kwezinto.

Isigaba sesi-3: Ukomisa okwesibili (Adsorption)
· Lesi sigaba sokugcina esomiswa kwesibili (adsorption), lapho kukhishwa ama-molecule amanzi aboshwe nge-ionically.
· Ngokukhuphula izinga lokushisa libe phezulu kunesigaba sokuqala sokumisa, izibopho ziphulwa phakathi kwezinto nama-molecule amanzi.

• Iqhwa elimisiwe ligcina isakhiwo esinezimbotshana.

· Ngemva kokuba umshini wokomisa iqhwa uqedele inqubo yawo, i-vacuum ingaphulwa nge-inert gas ngaphambi kokuba impahla ivalwe.

· Izinto eziningi zingamiswa zibe ngu-1-5% womswakama osele.

Izinkinga Zesomisi Okufanele Uzigweme:
· Ukushisisa umkhiqizo ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu kungabangela ukuncibilika emuva noma ukuwa komkhiqizo

· Ukugcwala kwecondenser okubangelwa umhwamuko omningi oshaya i-condenser.
o Ukwakhiwa komhwamuko omningi kakhulu

o Indawo engaphezulu kakhulu

o Indawo encane kakhulu ye-condenser

o Isiqandisi esinganele

· Ukuminyanisa umhwamuko – umhwamuko ukhiqizwa ngesivinini esisheshayo kunalokho ongangena embobeni yomusi, ichweba eliphakathi kwegumbi lomkhiqizo necondenser, okudala ukwanda komfutho wegumbi.

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